The Transformation of Music Radio and Composition Essay

Try to picture this: Your country has just fallen into the worst economic slump in history. The company you work for has just gone out of business. You lose your job. What will you do? How will you survive? All these questions were surely asked by Edgar Harburg. Like many others during the Great Depression of the 1930s, Edgar Harburg turned to music; he joined Jay Gorney and together they collaborated on songs for Broadway pieces (Edmund and Goldstein 107). Not unsurprisingly, he preferred his new career (Edmund and Goldstein 107). Moments such as those have fortified the ties of music and reality throughout time. Nevertheless, music has been a definite part of culture since the earliest ages. It has also been altered on several occasions†¦show more content†¦Look at all of the formats.’ But within each format, you have diversity kept at bay on the other side of the door. And this move seeks to place each of us in a very narrow preserve where we don’t have to l isten to other kinds of music and therefore don’t get exposed to other kinds of music. (qtd. in DiMeo) Although Susan Douglas is speaking about modern times the idea is applicable to 1930s. While today we are presented with hundreds of ways to access music, before the 1930s there were fewer than ten. So, with the arrival of radio, people were bound to hear fewer lesser known artists. To some it seems trivial to complain about people not hearing a variety of music. However, Cliff Doerksen, a classical music fanatic that praised its ability to bring peace, would disagree given the fact that classical music is only one of many genres (DiMeo). With the introduction of radio the number of people exposed to unpopular music declined; popular music took a substantial leap and dominated over others. Unless a song appealed to the masses it was unlikely that it would be aired. Despite such setbacks, lesser known musicians still effectively got their messages through in their songs. Conversely, music actually had an increased assortment in one aspect. In the 1920s racial problems were extensive a nd poured into the music industry as well (DiMeo). Imaginary walls were built to isolated minority groups from whites. Yet with the rise of radio these boundaries were slowlyShow MoreRelatedFranco and TPOK Jazz Essay1241 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 80s OK Jazz stretched out in long complex jams (sebenes) of percussion, guitars, and horns, which build in tempo and rhythm, sounding a bit like an Afro-Latin Grateful Dead. Franco was popular across Africa. Living in 1980s Cameroon, Franco’s music was ubiquitous; Mario and other hits are burned in my brain. His band was one of the few to break the barriers of national styles and was popular in Anglophone and Francophone countries alike. OK Jazz was a formidable group ranging from six to overRead MoreAre Electro-Acoustics and the Vernacular the Largets Developments in 20th Century Music?2634 Words   |  11 Pagestwo most important musical developments in the 20th Century are the domains of the electro-acoustic and the vernacular. To what extent is his assumption correct? This piece will demonstrate an understanding of the developments in 20th century music, with a detailed view on the path and expansion of electro-acoustic technology and of the vernacular. This will also be highlighting the theoretical ideas that made these large developments possible and the technological innovations that created theRead MoreAre Electro-Acoustics and the Vernacular the Largets Developments in 20th Century Music?2642 Words   |  11 Pagestwo most important musical developments in the 20th Century are the domains of the electro-acoustic and the vernacular. To what extent is his assumption correct? 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Throughout Chinas modernization, asRead MoreAnalysis Of Lawrence Lessig s Remix : Making Art And Commerce Thrive1448 Words   |  6 PagesArt and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy, he argues that the contemporary generation’s form of ‘literacy’ is technologically-based . In this contemporary society, technology plays a significant role in the appropriation and ‘hacking’ of art, music and film making it difficult to distinguish what is piracy and what is creative. Italian furniture designer, Martino Gamper, takes the creative approach by recycling and appropriating in his 2006 work 100 Chairs in 100 Day s. By reconfiguring and remixingRead MoreHumanities: Arts2242 Words   |  9 Pagescome from the Latin humanus, which means human, cultured, and refined. To be human is to have or show qualities like rationality, kindness, and tenderness. Humanities refers to the arts – the visual arts such as architecture; painting and sculpture; music; dance; the theater or drama; and literature. They are branches of learning concerned with human thought, feelings, and relations. The importance of the human being and his/her feelings and how these are expressed have always been the concern of theRead MoreEssay on The Music of Puerto Rico3161 Words   |  13 PagesMusic, in the history of Puerto Rico, has played a role of great significance as a means of cultural expression. The five centuries of musical activity shows that Puerto Ricans have created, developed and promoted a variety of genres ranging from folk music, concert music and new genres. The Puerto Rican music and native musician s have shaped and enriched the identity of the Puerto Rican people and their roots. Puerto Rican music was the ultimate expression of the â€Å"Areito† (indigenous artistic traditions)

Autobiography Of A Face By Lucy Grealy - 976 Words

Lucy Grealy’s, Autobiography of a Face is an autobiography that is dramatize to make her life appear more interesting than it actually is. Although she suffered from cancer and had to battle the bad side effect like her face being disfigured, throughout the story Grealy fabricates her constant daily fears of not being accepted and loved by her community. By blaming her face for her horrible lifestyle, Grealy tends to look over the fact that she has cancer, but in all reality cancer is more serious than having an â€Å"ugly face.† Through exaggeration, Grealy makes readers sympathetic of her terrible life. Starting in the middle of her life story during the â€Å"Pony Party,† sets up the mood for the entire story by giving the readers and insight of who Grealy is. This young girl that has been suffering, can only connect with the Horses at the local stable. On the way to the stable, Grealy and her family were traveling through the suburbs, passing by houses that look similar to the next. She starts to image what the families are like inside of these homes,â€Å"My ideas were loosely based on what I had learned from TV and films (page 2).† She then reminded herself that her family is not in the same category as these TV families. This generalized of a typical household with a stay at home mom and her husband who just came home from work, is what Grealy had imagined. The families that live in these homes along the ride to the stable, may not be like the TV families but she creates thisShow MoreRelatedAutobiography of a Face: Lucy Grealy1611 Words   |  7 PagesAutobiography of a Face: Lucy Grealy The psychology of beauty is complex not just because the concept of beauty is as yet undefined, but also because it is largely true that beauty lies in the eyes of the beholder or how individuals perceive other people or things. The importance of beauty has been taught since the first civilizations. It is known that the cave people of the Mesolithic period (around 10,000 B.C.) softened their skin with castor oil and grease, and also used plant dyesRead MoreAutobiography of a Face1324 Words   |  6 PagesLucy Grealy tells a story about not fitting in, unbearable pain that takes up residence in ones head as loneliness and confusion, questioning what things mean, being scared and lost in your family, enduring intense physical pain, and most importantly, figuring out who you are. Lucy had no idea she might die, even though the survival rate for Ewings sarcoma was only five percent. She does not present her parents as overly afraid for her life, either. 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Organizational Strategy and Structure-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the organizational strategy and structure and how the organization could use it to create synergy and core competency in the business. Answer: Research problem The research problem is observed as the area of concern, a condition to be moved, and difficulties to be eliminated in the research, troubling questions and other key issues which might face by the researcher while implementing research. This research will be conducted on the relationship between organizational strategy and structure. The main research problem is related to collecting the primary and secondary data related to the practical implementation of the strategic program in the complex business organization. It might be difficult to collect data from the companies to identify their relationship between organizational strategy and structure. It is observed that relationship between organizational strategy and structure is completely based on the strategic planning and the managerial decisions. If the company does not establish the proper nexus between these both parts then it may result in the destruction of business and eventually result in the high loss to the organization a t large. The strategies of the organization reflect the planning process in context with the long-term efforts to accomplish the set objectives and goals. If this planning process is not implemented in an effective manner then it may destruct the business functioning and loss to managerial functions at large level. In addition to this, it might be hard for the researchers to evaluate all the internal and external factors which might impact the strategic planning of the company and structure of the business in future. This research will only be prepared to give guidance which will divulge the possible expectation and strategic planning which could be undertaken by the key managerial person to run the business effectively. Unit of investigation In this research report proposal, the unit of investigation is based on the key strategic program and managerial efforts to set up an effective relationship between organizational strategy and structure. However, in this research report proposal, all the internal and external factors of the potential future business of the company will be taken into consideration. It is observed that researcher will undertake the analysis the strategic planning, sustainability of the organization, development of the core competency of the organization in the ramified economic market and all the other factors which might affect to set up the relationship between organizational strategy and structure. There will be several units of the investigations such as methods to accomplish the set goals and objectives, possible threats and weaknesses which might face by the company in the market, adjustment of the structure of the company in accordance with the proposed business strategies program (Ashkenas, et al., 2015). Research question Why is it important to set up the strong relationship between organizational strategy and structure? What are the methods and strategies followed by organizations to accomplish set objectives and goals? What are the internal and external factors of the organization that might affect the methods, strategies implemented to establish the relationship between organizational strategy and structure? Why should the organizational structure be customized to the proposed strategic plans and procedure? Literature review With the increasing ramified economic changes, and complex business structure, each and every organization needs to set up proper relationship between organizational strategy and structure. However, setting up relationship between organizational strategy and structure is not the only matter of concern to accomplish the set goals and objectives but establishment of coordination is also required. As per the perception of Laudon, and Laudon, (2016) it is evaluated that the strategic planning and methods used in an organization should be based on the structure and complexity of the business. Each and every organization has its own values, belief, mission and vision on the basis of their business structure, strength, weakness and possible threats in the market. As per the views of Kaiser, El Arbi, and Ahlemann, 2015) it is divulged that these all are interlinked to its divisional structure program and implemented strategic program of the organization. It is considered that if organization wants to accomplish its set objectives and goals then it has to set up proper nexus between its developed strategies and structure. for instance, if company wants to expand its business on international level then it will first have to change its organizational structure as per the needs and demand of the clients in market and appropriate strategies will also be infused by the management to accomplish the specific and general objectives. The success of the implemented strategies is highly based upon the organizational structure and implemented business program. As stated by Ingram, et al. (2015) it is depicted that there are several big organization such as Wesfarmers, GE capital and Tesco that have changed its business structure while implementing the international strategies program. For instance, GE capital while entering into the Asian market had to enter into the strategic alliance and joint venture with other local organization. This type of strategic planning and customized organizational behaviour increase the overall outcomes and efficiency of the business organization. It is reflected that increased business complexity requires management to take effective strategies to reduce the complexity and achieve the set objectives and goals in determined approach. It is considered that innovation and creative business functioning is based on the effective business functioning and strategic planning undertaken by the management. If the organizational structure is complex and employees find difficulty to function effectively then it might impact the overall business outcome of the organization. There are several factors which might impact the implementation of the strategic planning in the organization such as unstructured business process, non-effective financial arrangement and employees working and inappropriate internal control system. As per the views of Harper, (2015) it is analyzed that each and every commercial and non-commercial strategies of the bus iness include all types of strategic program. For instance, if company wants to install cyber computing enterprises resources planning in it business to increase the overall effectiveness of communication then it will have to manage its organizational structure as per the implemented business program. It is responsibilities of the management to ease the organizational structure in such a way which will assist in proper implementation of the strategic program of organization. As per the perception of Epstein, Buhovac, and Yuthas, (2015), it is divulged that the strategic planning of the organization is based on the long-term critical evaluation, factors affecting the business functioning and implement the proper business structure program. Management needs to evaluate all the internal and external business factors which might affect the organization functioning to increase the overall effectiveness of the implemented strategic program. The strategies are designed to accomplish all th e long-term and short-term goals of the organization. The main finding of this research is related to aligning the organization structure with the implemented strategic planning. If the company wants to undertake the expansion business strategic program then the organizational structure needs to be expanded accordingly. It should have proper planning and business strategic program by following decentralized working structure. In this organization structure, each and every employee will be assigned to their roles and responsibilities and will work accordingly. However, the changes in organization structure are based on the infused capital, strategies undertaken, implemented the business plan and set objectives and goals. As stated by Coser, (2017) it is depicted that there should be the proper nexus between all these factors if the company want to achieve its long-term goals. The alignment of the strategic planning with the organizational structure starts with the embedding the formulated strategic planning in the vision and mission of t he company. The organization structure should be designed in such a way which will make each and every employee responsible towards the achievement of set goals and objectives. It is found that if organization structure is not designed with the formulated strategic planning then it will either reduce the efficiency of the implemented strategic planning or will collapse the business functioning due to increased business complexity. As per the views of Cornelissen, and Cornelissen, (2017) it is evaluated that if the organizational structure is designed as per the implemented strategies then it will result to the creation of core competency, reduction in employee turnover, increased employability, strong brand image and easy availability of funds and business. The increased complexity of the business could also be reduced by management by implementing proper research program. The complex business structure is the biggest drawback in finding the optimum use of the strategic program in t he organization. Therefore, re-engineering of the existing business process will make an organization more prepared for the business challenges and make its business functioning as per the formulated strategic planning and procedure (Miles, et al. 1978). The literature review of this research report proposal will be prepared on the basis of primary and secondary data collected from several sources. The data will be collected by using interview, observation, and meeting, conducting seminars, journal articles, official gazettes and documents at large (Rahim, 2017). This will assist in identifying the core aspects of setting up the relationship between organizational strategy and structure. The proper training and development program and investing capital to change the organizational structure are the key aspect to establish the proper nexus between organizational strategy and structure. As per the views of Bourdieu, (2018) it is revealed that the management of organization needs to implement the proper strategic program to implement training and development program for employees, investing more capital to customize the organization structure as per the needs and demand of the other factors. On the contrary to that, it will increase the overall cost of capital of organization in the initial time period but eventually, it will make the organization as per the developed strategic planning on the sustainable basis (Schasfoort, 2017). For instance, if the company wants to expand its business to increase market share then it will have to manage its organizational structure as per the implemented business program by infusing more capital. It will include hiring more employees, creating more sub-departments and business units. This literature review will assist the researcher to identify the business issue and structured problem when management implements the proper strategic program in business. It will give guidance to mitigate these problems by adapting the organization structure as per the newly designed strategic planning. Outcomes There are several strategies which need to be taken by the organizations to expand business in long run. If the company wants to expand its business on an international level then it will first have to change its organizational structure as per the needs and demand of the clients in the market and appropriate strategies will also be infused by the management to accomplish set goals. The main outcome of this research report proposal would be to identify the problems which would be faced by the organization while establishing the nexus between the implementation of the strategic planning and organization structure. In addition to this, this research report proposal wills also focuses on the problems and issues faced by management to accomplish the set objectives (Scott, and Davis, 2015).It will assist in developing the future insight into the business management of an organization and it could help in achieving the set objective and goals. There will be several benefits if management c ould set nexus between organizational strategy and structure such as the creation of core competency, reduction in employee turnover, increased employability, strong brand image and easy availability of funds and business. Therefore, proper strategic program and implemented strategic business functioning as per the available resources will increase the overall return on capital employed. Now in end, it could be inferred that each and every organization should identify whether it has proper resources working structure and suitable organizational behavior while implementing the designed strategies. If these all are in the proper sink then it will not only helps in increasing the overall outcome of the implemented strategic program but also result to effective value creation of business (Sekaran, and Bougie, 2016). After evaluating all the detail and several articles on the set up the proper relationship between organizational strategy and structure, it could be inferred that there are several external and internal factors which affect the organization structure and prepared strategic planning of the organization. There should be proper sink between organizational strategy and structure if management wants to achieve its set objectives and goals on the sustainable basis. The changes in organization are evitable and management needs to implement the proper strategic program and adapt its organizational structure as per the formulated strategic program. References Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T. and Kerr, S., 2015.The boundaryless organization: Breaking the chains of organizational structure. John Wiley Sons. Bourdieu, P., 2018. Structures, habitus, practices. InRethinking the Subject(pp. 31-45). Routledge. Chang, J.F., 2016.Business process management systems: strategy and implementation. CRC Press. Cornelissen, J. and Cornelissen, J.P., 2017.Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. Coser, L.A., 2017.The idea of social structure: Papers in honor of Robert K. Merton. Routledge. Epstein, M.J., Buhovac, A.R. and Yuthas, K., 2015. Managing social, environmental and financial performance simultaneously.Long range planning,48(1), pp.35-45. Harper, C., 2015.Organizations: Structures, processes and outcomes. Routledge. Ingram, T.N., LaForge, R.W., Williams, M.R. and Schwepker Jr, C.H., 2015.Sales management: Analysis and decision making. Routledge. Kaiser, M.G., El Arbi, F. and Ahlemann, F., 2015. Successful project portfolio management beyond project selection techniques: Understanding the role of structural alignment.International Journal of Project Management,33(1), pp.126-139. Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2016.Management information system. Pearson Education India. Miles, R.E., Snow, C.C., Meyer, A.D. and Coleman Jr, H.J., 1978. Organizational strategy, structure, and process.Academy of management review,3(3), pp.546-562. Rahim, M.A., 2017.Managing conflict in organizations. Routledge. Schasfoort, R.B. ed., 2017.Handbook of surface plasmon resonance. Royal Society of Chemistry. Scott, W.R. and Davis, G.F., 2015.Organizations and organizing: Rational, natural and open systems perspectives. Routledge. Sekaran, U. and Bougie, R., 2016.Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley Sons.

Standing Committee on Tax and Revenue

Question: Discuss about the Standing Committee on Tax and Revenue. Answer: Tax will be imposed on both incomes from Australia and from the branches in New Zealand. Because control of the business and decisions were made in Australia. Therefore, the income is deemed to be Australian income. The partner residing in New York will be taxed on Australian tax jurisdiction since the income is deemed to be derived in Australia. The 10% income from the partnership will be taxed aggregate since the partner is considered a non resident partner and therefore is not entitled to tax privileges and the local graduated scale for taxing individuals does not apply to nonresidents. Any expenses for nonresidents may not be allowable for tax purpose. The income derived from New Zealand subsidiary will be assessable for this purpose because the Australian tax convention does not favor subsidiaries over branch operations both incomes from branches and subsidiaries are subject to taxation. In Australian tax law, this implies that resident corporations are responsible for income tax on worldwide incomes. In case the NewZealand tax authority has taxed the income derived by the subsidiary, the partners can ask for a foreign income tax offset. For the Australian resident partners capital gains tax applies to their assets worldwide. For foreign residents make a capital gain or capital loss if a capital gains tax event happens to an asset that is 'taxable on an Australian property The Australian tax act provides that capital gains or losses arising from partnerships must be disclosed in each partners returns. On the other hand the Australian regime provides that capital gains are an exemption from taxation. This applies to nonresident subsidiaries. Therefore capital gains for this partnership could not be a taxable income. In case of nonresident partner, the assessable income will include capital gains which will be taxed at a rate of 30%. Double taxation will be eliminated in case gains or loses are taxed when realized and on disposal of equity. Discount on capital gains may be determined using the apportionment of market price calculation method subject to some conditions such as disposal of Australian property. If the capital losses exceed capital gains , the balance can be carried forward and deducted against capital gains in future. References Standing Committee on Tax and Revenue, Parliament of Australia, External Scrutiny of the Australian Taxation Office (April 2016). Australian Taxation Office, Annual Report 201516, 2, 95, 118.

Cognitive development

Introduction Understanding the peculiarities of the children’s perception and interpretation of facts, collecting information and acquiring knowledge is important for guiding them in their cognitive development. In 1920s the Swiss biologist Jean Piaget was the first theoretician who pointed at the differences between amount and structure of knowledge in children and adults. The purpose of this project is to examine Piaget’s concepts by applying them in practice, collecting and interpreting data from an empirical research.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Cognitive development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Focusing on the peculiarities of the child’s knowledge and the processes of acquiring it, Piaget observed everyday actions of children and infants and offered them various problem-solving situations for examining the reasoning patterns they were using. Deriving numerous concepts a nd principles from his findings, the researcher concluded that children are active learners who constantly conduct experiments and manipulate the objects from the surrounding word for observing the results of their experiments. Children not only absorb knowledge, but also try to organize it for explaining new phenomena with available knowledge in future. â€Å"Children think in qualitatively different ways at different age levels† (McDevitt and Ormrod, 2010, p. 143). Linking cognitive development with children’s biological development, Piaget used the idea of a staircase for his theory of cognitive development, claiming that each step in physiological development represents the improved cognitive ability. Piaget’s model of cognitive development includes four main periods, including a sensorimotor (0-2 years), pre-operational (2-7 years), concrete operational (7-12 years) and formal operational (older than 12 years) stages (Oakley, 2004, p. 16). The empirical res earch would be valuable for evaluating Piaget’s main concepts and exploring the ways for implementing them in professional practice. Method A five-year-old Jessica and a thirteen-year-old Miranda gave their consent for participating in the study by signing the consent forms. A large discrepancy in the participants’ age enhances the effectiveness of the experiment, clearly representing the differences in their reasoning modes and corresponding differences in their cognitive development. Jessica and Miranda were offered to sort sixteen pictures of animals, including a tiger, a frog, a spider, a parrot, a whale, a snake, an octopus, a goldfish, a crocodile, a newt, a butterfly, a ladybird, a scorpion, a snail, an owl, and a shark, into different subgroups, explain what their reasoning for sorting the pictures in this or that way was and sort them again, using other principles.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Both girls had enough time for thinking their decisions over and doing the assignment. The experiments were conducted in a comfortable atmosphere in a place free from distractions which allowed establishing interpersonal contact with both participants and enabled Jessica and Miranda to express their opinions freely. The level of the participants’ cognitive ability was taken into consideration for formulating their task and the questions for discussing the reasoning mode they have used for sorting the pictures. â€Å"As a learning expectation, each product needs to be clearly described in some detail so that there is no misunderstanding about what students are required to do† (Macmillan, 2011, p. 227). Still, the formulation of the assignment for Jessica was exempt of any hints as to how the animals could be sorted. During the discussion of their choices, the answers to the participants’ reasoning were neutral and did not express any attitude or opinion as to the way in which the assignment was done. The choice of methods, formulation of the task and the overall atmosphere of the experiment were favorable for retrieving reliable data on the differences in Jessica and Miranda’s cognitive ability and examining Piaget’s concepts. Results The results of the empirical research have demonstrated significant differences in quantity and quality of knowledge in Jessica and Miranda. Jessica used the criteria of personal attitude to the animals for sorting the pictures into two large subgroups. Thus, explaining her reasoning for classifying the objects, the girl admitted that the animals in the first subgroup she liked, while the animals in the second subgroup she disliked. It should be noted that Jessica’s personal negative attitude depended upon dangerousness of a certain animal (a snake, a shark, a crocodile, a scorpion) and its appearance (a butterfly is pleasant-looking, while a sn ail is not). When Jessica was asked if she can create new groups of the same animals, the girl was confused and answered that she could not do it.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Cognitive development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Miranda, the second participant of the study first sorted the pictures into subgroups, labeling them as mammals, reptiles, fish, birds and insects. When the girl was offered to do the same assignment using other criteria for classification, she easily provided several variants for this problem-solving situation. Thus, Miranda suggested the possible subgroups of warm-blooded and cold-blooded animals, animals with body hair and without it, animals breathing with lungs and animals breathing with gills. In general, the girl has demonstrated not only her knowledge of peculiar features of representatives of the animal world, but also her ability to provide arguments for supportin g her position. Doing the same assignment of classifying the pictures with animals, Jessica and Miranda have shown the differences in their knowledge and reasoning modes for solving the same problem. Discussion The findings of this empirical research revealed a wide gap in cognitive abilities of five- and thirteen-year-old participants. Piaget’s concepts can become a theoretical basis for explaining the differences in Jessica and Miranda’s reasoning modes used for explaining the classification criteria. According to Piaget’s classification of various cognitive stages, a five-year-old Jessica is at the preoperational stage. Eggan (2010) noted that â€Å"In the preoperational stage, perception dominates children’s thinking† (p. 38). In other words, at the age between two and seven, children are expected to confuse physical and psychological events and give preference to their perception rather than logic for explaining their reasoning. It explains Je ssica’s choice of personal attitude as the main criteria for classification of the animals. Complying with Piaget’s expectations from cognitive abilities of children of her age, she concentrated on her personal perception and did not use the logics for doing the assignment. Other characteristics of this period include egocentrism, lack of conservation, single classification and transductive reasoning (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 148). In other words, at the age between two and seven, at the preoperational stage of their development, children may have certain fallacies in their reasoning. The lack of conservation can make these children believe that the volume of liquid can change if it is poured from one contained to another. The transdunctive reasoning implies involvement of irrelevant arguments into explanations.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Analyzing the results of the experiment, it can be stated that doing the assignment, Jessica demonstrated particular cognitive features, namely dominance of perception over logics and single classification at a given period of time which are characteristic of the preoperational stage. Piaget’s concepts are applicable for explaining Jessica’s reasoning mode, choice of classification criteria and refusal of making another attempt to sort the pictures by implementing other criteria. As to the second participant of this study, a thirteen-year-old Miranda, she belongs to the subgroup of formal operations. Coon and Mitterer (2010) noted that â€Å"Full adult intellectual ability is attained during the stage of formal operations†¦but not everyone reaches this level of thinking† (p. 99). At this stage the thinking processes become integrated through acquisition and systematization of new knowledge. Adolescents do not concentrate on their personal perception, feelin gs and emotions for their reasoning and are able to operate abstract notions in their thinking processes. Understanding that other people may not share their views, they can distinguish between manifestation of facts and expression of their personal opinion. Adolescents recognize that they can be mistaken and often require confirmation of their ideas. â€Å"Reasoning logically, formulating and testing hypotheses, and separating and controlling variables – together allow adolescents to use a scientific method† (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 153). In general, thinking processes in most adolescents at the stage of formal operations are similar to those in adults though their cognitive abilities still depend upon their personal development. The assignment of sorting the pictures with animals might seem to be primitive to Miranda, but the sophisticated reasoning and criteria she used for classification of objects demonstrated the level of her cognitive development correspondin g to Piaget’ stage of formal operations. Offering different versions of sorting the animals, including those of their anatomic peculiarities, the girl used the system of her knowledge on Zoology and her ability to implement her knowledge in a new unfamiliar situation. The findings of this study have proven the applicability of Piaget’s concepts and cognitive development stages to the realities of modern teaching-learning process. The results which were achieved by Jessica and Miranda in doing the assignment of sorting the pictures with animals complied with Piaget’s expectations as to the cognitive abilities at the preoperational and formal operations stages. Limitations of the study Disregarding the fact that measures were imposed for avoiding any distraction in communicating with the participants of the study and enhancing the effectiveness of the experiment, this study has certain limitations, including the small sample for the experiment and the type of assi gnment. The level of the participant’s personal cognitive development which could be different in their peers is an influential factor which should be taken into consideration for evaluating the findings. The peculiarities of the assignment in their turn precondition specific responses in the participants, while another task could reveal other peculiarities or not reveal any at all. Implications Knowledge of peculiarities of children’s thinking processes is necessary for proper organization of educational environment. Understanding how children of different ages perceive, interpret and systematize new information, parents and educators would be able to select the most appropriate assignments for guiding children and adolescents in their cognitive development for improving their achievements. â€Å"The constructivist teacher, by offering appropriate tasks and opportunities for dialogue, guides the focus of students’ attention, thus unobtrusively directing their learning† (Clements, D. Battista, 1990, p. 35). Acknowledging the active participation of students in the learning process at different stages of their cognitive development would allow choosing the right direction for the teaching efforts. Conclusion The findings of this empirical study have proven the correspondence between Piaget’s concepts and the cognitive abilities at the preoperational and formal operations stages. Collecting data from the experiment and through a theoretical review of literature, this paper demonstrates the application of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development in practice. Reference List Clements, D. Battista (1990). Constructivist learning and teaching. Arithmetic Teacher, 38(1): 34-35. Coon, D. Mitterer, J. (2010). Introduction to psychology: Gateways to mind and behavior. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. Eggan P. Kauchak D. (2010). Educational psychology: Windows on classrooms (8th. Ed.). International Edition. New Jersey: Pearson McDevitt, T., Ormrod, J. E. (2010). Child development and education. (4th ed.) New Jersey: Pearson McMillan, J. H. (2011). Classroom Assessment: Principles and practice for effective standards-based instruction (5th Ed.). Boston: Pearson Oakley, L. (2004). Cognitive development. New York, NY: Routledge. This research paper on Cognitive development was written and submitted by user Emery Yang to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Cognitive Development Table of Contents Introduction Cognitive development Psychosocial development Psychotherapies Conclusion References Introduction `Cognitive development refers to the growth in mental understanding, interpretation and perception of things and the world in general. It entails the growth of various intellectual activities including thinking, reasoning and attentiveness. It is noted that, many approaches on cognitive advancement concentrate on mental development, as opposed to, other cognitive development processes.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Cognitive Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cognitive development Competence assessment is one of the approaches given to cognitive development of middle childhood. Competence assessment entails how people understand and interpret different aspects of life (Elliot Dweck, 2005). It is noted that, children at middle age can always make a judgment on their soc ial and physical competence. This is indicated by a fellow who at his middle age could compare his strength with his other friend and determine the strongest. Considering the fact that perception changes with age increase, middle aged also have their different perceptions of life. Their perception is mostly influenced by the knowledge and skills they obtain in schools. Perception of these middle aged vary from one individual to another as noted by teacher’s evaluation of their performances. This was experienced by a student who was perceived to have known everything by his other fellows since he was excellent at class work. Perception is reflected on the student results with respect to teacher’s ratings. Middle aged children also tend to concentrate on one object and forget the others. Their attentions are easily influenced and they fully concentrate on entertaining object or event while ignoring others. Psychosocial development Psychosocial progression at middle child hood engages children ranging from five to twelve years. At this age, children develop admirable peer interactions and compete favorably among themselves. Their social world expands as they develop new friend and creating new relationships. An indication of pride is noted as they brag about their achievements and ability to perform different tasks uniquely (Cherry, 2010). For example, a fellow at his childhood believed that he was always right since he was brilliant at class work. A child develops a high self esteem after discovering his unique ability and skills. This can be observed in the manner they interact in their social life i.e. cheerful interaction with tremendous psychosocial engagement. On the other hand, children who doubt their aptitude tend to develop low self esteem characterized by gloomy mood and a discouraging psychosocial engagement. At middle childhood, children are extensively influenced by comments and opinions made by their parents, peers and teachers. The co mments directly manipulate a child’s confidence and certainty of his/her ability or skill. Encouraging remarks on children build confidence on a child’s ability and skills consequently improving their self esteem (Cherry, 2010).Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the contrary, negative and discouraging comments by teachers, peers and parents create doubt in a child’s ability or belief of being victorious. Such a child develops low self esteem and constantly maintaining a gloomy mood. This was noted to a fellow who used to approach examination believing that he was going to fail. This was because of frequent past failures that made his parents’ negative comment on his scores. Psychotherapies Varieties of psychotherapy treatment are offered to children to assist in modifying their character and uphold family understanding in the long run (AACAP, 2008) . Psychotherapy treatment helps in developing exceptional relationship between parent and children thereby strengthening their family bond. Some of the psychotherapy treatments include cognitive behavior therapy, psychodynamic therapy, family therapy, play therapy and group therapy. As a psychotherapy treatment, cognitive behavior therapy modifies a child’s behavior, mood and nervousness. It is done by investigating a child’s pattern of distorted thoughts. A specialist on cognitive behavior therapy educates a child on how their moods and behavior are influenced by their thoughts (AACAP, 2008). Subsequently, a child develops a skill of recognizing these hazardous thoughts. The specialist also helps the child to substitute these harmful thoughts with constructive and positive thoughts. It is renowned that cognitive therapy test has helped in treating various types of disorders anxiety being one of them. A friend’s confirmed of psychotherapeutic help in alleviating her selfish behavior of forcefully snatching other children’s food, toys and never shared his possessions with others. The next psychotherapy cure is play therapy, a treatment that entails the understanding of how children play with toys, drawings and dolls. At children’s play time, a therapist notes some of the feelings and expressions of a child and uses them to perform the therapy (AACAP, 2008). It is essential to note that observations are done on how a child plays with the toys for better understanding of the child’s problem. Afterwards, the therapist educates a child how to handle their problems and during play time. This was reflected by a fellow who used to smack his colleagues using toy but fortunately, a therapist rescued him from his intolerable behavior. Also, psychodynamic psychotherapy can be employed in correcting a child’s feelings and thoughts. It entails the recognition of the factors that influence a child’s feeling and thoughts . This helps the therapist to understand the reasons (inner struggles) as to why a child is behaving in a certain manner. Consequently, the child is subjected to different weekly session of psychoanalysis.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Cognitive Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Cognitive development applies to every individual and keeps on varying with an increase in age. Individuals experience changes in life perceptions, understanding and interpretations. However, some children perceive and understand life in a negatively thus making them portray unpleasant and discouraging behaviors. Fortunately, these obnoxious behaviors can be corrected by employing different psychotherapies that eventually improves a child’s perception and behavior. References American academy of child and adolescent psychiatry (AACAP). (2008). Psychotherapies for children and adolescents. Washington: Ameri can academy of child and adolescent psychiatry. Web. Cherry, K. (2010), Stages of psychosocial development. About.com: psychology. Web. Elliot, J. Dweck, S. (2005). Handbook of competence and motivation. New York: Guilford press. This report on Cognitive Development was written and submitted by user Danica Doyle to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Cognitive Development

Free Essays on Anglo Saxon

The Anglo-Saxon period extends from about 450 to 1066, the year of the Norman-French conquest of England. The Germanic tribes from Europe who overran England in the 5th century, after the Roman withdrawal, brought with them the Old English, or Anglo-Saxon, language, which is the roots for Modern English. They also brought a specific poetic tradition which is the formal character of which remained surprisingly constant until the termination of their rule by the Norman-French invaders six centuries later. Britain in the third and fourth centuries felt the decline of the Roman Empire. An official known as the count of the Saxon Shore oversaw defenses against raids by Saxons and others along the North Sea coast. Would-be emperors stripped Britain of its occupying forces, moving the legions elsewhere to serve their own political ambitions. In 410 Rome abandoned Britain. After nearly four centuries of occupation, it left little that was permanent: an excellent network of roads, the best Britain would have for 1400 years; the sites of a number of towns- London, York, and others bearing names that end in the suffix -cester and -caster; and Christianity. The Anglo-Saxons, who occupied the country after the Romans left, ignored the towns, chased Christianity into Wales, and gave their own names, such as Watling Street, to the Roman roads. Fragmentary knowledge of England in the 5th and 6th centuries comes from the British writer Gildas (6th century), the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (a history of the English people begun in the 9th century), saints' lives, poetry, archaeological findings, and place-name studies. In the absence of Roman administrators, British warlords, nominally Christian, ruled small, unstable kingdoms and continued some Roman traditions of governance. In the mid-5th century, they revived the Roman policy of hiring Germanic mercenaries to help defend them against warlike peoples of the north (Picts and Scots). The Saxon merc... Free Essays on Anglo Saxon Free Essays on Anglo Saxon The Anglo-Saxon period extends from about 450 to 1066, the year of the Norman-French conquest of England. The Germanic tribes from Europe who overran England in the 5th century, after the Roman withdrawal, brought with them the Old English, or Anglo-Saxon, language, which is the roots for Modern English. They also brought a specific poetic tradition which is the formal character of which remained surprisingly constant until the termination of their rule by the Norman-French invaders six centuries later. Britain in the third and fourth centuries felt the decline of the Roman Empire. An official known as the count of the Saxon Shore oversaw defenses against raids by Saxons and others along the North Sea coast. Would-be emperors stripped Britain of its occupying forces, moving the legions elsewhere to serve their own political ambitions. In 410 Rome abandoned Britain. After nearly four centuries of occupation, it left little that was permanent: an excellent network of roads, the best Britain would have for 1400 years; the sites of a number of towns- London, York, and others bearing names that end in the suffix -cester and -caster; and Christianity. The Anglo-Saxons, who occupied the country after the Romans left, ignored the towns, chased Christianity into Wales, and gave their own names, such as Watling Street, to the Roman roads. Fragmentary knowledge of England in the 5th and 6th centuries comes from the British writer Gildas (6th century), the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (a history of the English people begun in the 9th century), saints' lives, poetry, archaeological findings, and place-name studies. In the absence of Roman administrators, British warlords, nominally Christian, ruled small, unstable kingdoms and continued some Roman traditions of governance. In the mid-5th century, they revived the Roman policy of hiring Germanic mercenaries to help defend them against warlike peoples of the north (Picts and Scots). The Saxon merc...

History term paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History term paper - Essay Example He won his first election in 1881 as a member of the Republican Party to the state assembly of Albany, New York. As a state legislator he won respect for exposing a judge but also earned the ill will of his party members. Mistrusted by both liberals and party leaders, Roosevelt remained unsure of his career in politics. Although he socialized with America’s upper crust, he looked after the interests of the working class Americans. After family mishaps he returned to politics as a Republican reformist in 1989 where he served on the US Civil Service Commission (DesertUSA, 1998). In 1895, he became New York City Police Commissioner, and two years later, he was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Navy. Known popularly as the Rough Rider, he resigned navy to join the military. Returning home from the war as a hero in 1898, Roosevelt was elected governor of New York. He then ran as the Republican Party’s vice presidential candidate in 1900 and less than a year later following the assassination of President William McKinley, Roosevelt became the youngest ever President in history. President Roosevelt inherited an empire-in-the-making when he assumed office in 1901. He influenced foreign policy even before he came to power. After the Spanish-American war the empire that America had, comprised of Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, Cuba and Hawaii. Roosevelt anted to make America the world power. He wanted to spread the American values and ideals all over the world. His diplomatic maxim was to ‘speak softly and carry a big stick’ (Millercenter, 2006). He maintained that a chief executive must have the quality both to use force and the art of persuasion to be used as the situation demands. He was very active in foreign affairs and attempted to end the relative isolationism, following the footsteps of his predecessor. When